Enumeration

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Enumeration
Find information before we attack
We need to find out more info before attacking! Usually there's a ton of great info hidden in a site. Always check all sent and returned headers when analyzing a web app!
curl -is -X OPTIONS m4lwhere.org    # Find all supported options for an HTTP Server
curl -s --head m4lwhere.org | grep -i server    # Find out what server info is provided by the server
curl -d "param1=value&param2=value" https://m4lwhere.org/resource.cgi    # Send parameters with curl
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# Below: Test all available HTTP methods for a site
for i in GET HEAD POST PUT DELETE TRACE OPTIONS; do echo "$i:"; echo -ne "$i / HTTP/1.0\n\n" | nc -C m4lwhere.org 80 | grep "HTTP/"; done
Spidering
Spidering through a website can make offline analysis super easy and great. Programs like wget and cewl are great for the command line, Burp and ZAP can automate spidering from the GUI.
Spider the site once as an authenticated user, and then attempt to reach the same pages without authentication. Determine if insecure direct object reference exists!
wget -r -P /tmp --no-check-certificate https://m4lwhere.org    # Manual spidering of site using wget, saves to local disk
wget -e robots=off    # Will spider items in robots.txt, without will ignore it
export https_proxy=https://127.0.0.1:8080    # Sets the proxy to a Burp instance running, useful to spider all info into Burp as well
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cewl https://m4lwhere.org    # Gather a unique list of all words on a page, spiders to linked pages
cewl -d 3 -m 5 -w words.txt https://m4lwhere.org    # Depth of 3 pages, words min 5 chars long, output to file words.txt
cewl -d 5 -m 3 -w wordlist --with-numbers https://m4lwhere.org    # Depth of 5, min 3 char words, includes words with numbers in them!
Fuzzing
ffuf is a tool which is exceptionally fast to enumerate a host.
# Enumerate files on website
ffuf -w /usr/share/wordlists/seclists/Discovery/Web-Content/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -u http://horizontall.htb/FUZZ -e .html,.php,.txt
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# Enumerate subdomains
ffuf -w subdomains.txt -u http://website.com/ -H "Host: FUZZ.website.com" -mc 200
Replace normal values with exploits or garbage data to identify vulnerabilities. Need to FUZZ EVERYTHING! Includes Headers, parameters, payloads. Search for changes in baseline requests, different bytes or content. Useful with python re library or something. Check SecLists [https://github.com/danielmiessler/seclists] for fuzzing sources and payloads.
wfuzz -z file,/usr/share/wordlists/wfuzz/general/big.txt --hc 404 http://obscurity.htb:8080/FUZZ/SuperSecureServer.py
Username harvesting searches for valid users for a webapp. Utilize login forms to find if there's differences between good username/badpass and bad username/badpass. Side channel attacks may reveal good usernames also, check timing for a known good username vs a bad username. A bad username may be returned instantly, where a good username may be hashed by the system, and a few milliseconds slower.
SQL Injection
XSS
Password Spraying
Directory Traversal
LFI
RFI
Identify Components
Plugins such as Wappalyzer and Shodan makes this very easy!
Web Server
Application Frameworks
CMS
Databases
Other Software
Apache, IIS, NGINX, Python?
Identified by port scans, default web pages, and fingerprinting tools. May display configuration information. 
Spring, ASP.NET, Django, Symfony
Identified by default pages, vuln scans, config files, admin pages, and fingerprinting tools
WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, SharePoint
Default web pages, config files
MySQL,  Microsoft SQL, Oracle, Postgres, MongoDB
Usually found in detailed application errors, may leak information about the backend database
SSH, RDP, FTP, SMB
Other vulnerable or interesting applications available on other ports of the server
Check list
Is the site on 80, 443, or some different port?
Are there any vhosts?
Check HTTPS cert for other potential servers
Check robots.txt for exclusions
Read the HTML source for comments or hidden pages
Try separate request methods when interacting
GET instead of POST for an interaction
Brute force directories with gobuster
If 403, try bruteforcing PAST those directories
Find parameters, test in order
Command Injection
SQLi
noSQLi
XXE
Fuzz EVERYTHING!
Headers
Cookies
POST parameters 
GET parameters 
PUT payloads
ALL INPUTS
Check Accepted:  headers to see if new data types are served
Client side for SENDING DATA
Cliente side for RECIEVING DATA
Check for differences in good username/badpass and bad username/badpass
References
WSTG - Stable | OWASP Foundation
Information Gathering - OWASP
Offensive - Previous
Websites
Injection/LFI
Last modified 11mo ago
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