Basic Python
Basic Components π
Python follows basic order of operations when evaluating expressions, similar to PEMDAS for math.
Operator
Operation
Example
Evaluates to
**
Exponent
2**4
16
%
Modulus (remainder!)
5 % 2
1
//
Integer Division (floored)
11 // 2
5
/
Division
11 / 2
5.5
*
Multiplication
2 * 3
6
-
Subtraction
3 - 2
1
+
Addition
2 + 4
6
Data Types and Classifications π©βπ«
Using a single equals =
is an assignment operator, where it assigns a value to a variable.
Using double equals ==
is a comparison operator, where it checks two values!
Flow Control ππ€½ββοΈ
Tons of different ways to control execution of the program. Fundamental way in how programs work and look like magic β¨ Until you realize that whitespace is interpreted. Make sure you use four spaces instead of tabs, just as God intended.
# if, elif, and else control!!
ayyy = 'lmao'
# if statements check if a statement is true
if ayyy == 'lmao':
print('π½π½π½')
# elif statments help determine one of many possible clauses
elif len(ayyy) == 4:
print('ππππ')
# can have have several elif, but skips any remaining elif after first True
elif len(ayyy) != 4:
print('π€π€π€')
# else statements is executed ONLY if the preceeding if is False (NOT REQUIRED!)
else:
print('βπ½β')
There are while
loops which will check for a condition and keep executing until completed. Using break
will exit the while loop early! Similarly, continue
statements will jump back to the beginning of a while
loop and evaluate the loop's condition.
# while loops will execute until a condition is met
count = 0
while count < 5:
print('ayyy')
count = count + 1
print('lmao')
name = ''
while name != 'your name':
print('Please type your name')
name = input()
# break statements exit the while loop's clause early, continue jump to start of while
name = ''
while True:
print('Please type your name')
name = input()
if name != 'your name':
continue
print('What\'s the password?')
pass = input()
if pass = 'ayyylmao':
break
print('Well done!')
Another loop is the for
loop which can repeat an action a specific amount of times. When using range
we can also specify start, stop, and steps.
ayyy = 'lmao'
# Print the var ayyy five times
for i in range(5):
print(ayyy)
# Print the value of i between two values
for i in range(12, 15):
print(i)
# Similar, only with a step!
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
print(i)
Strings π§΅
We can take a string of any length and reference ANY part of it!
lmao = 'holy hell'
# Print first character of string lmao
print(lmao[0])
# Print last character of string lmao
print(lmao[-1])
# Print entire string backwards!
print(lmao[::-1])
# Split string on a delimeter, default is space
haha = lmao.split()
print(haha)
# Replace certain parts of a string
print(lmao.replace('h','') # prints 'hoy he'
Lists ππ
ans = ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O']
print(''.join(ans))
# Will print HELLO
Comprehension
Search for a partial match in a list and add to another list. Super useful!
origList = ['big','bad','bigly']
subStr = 'ig'
filterList = [string for string in origList if subStr in string]
Tuples
Dictionaries ππ
Very similar to JSON. In fact, so close, it can be converted to JSON with minor worries!
# Create the dict type
lmao = {'one':1,'two':2}
# Add a new key to the dictionary
lmao['three'] = 3
# Loop over each pair of keys and values to access
for i, k in enumerate(lmao):
print(i, k)
# Will print:
# one 1
# two 2
# three 3
User Inputs
Loops
from string import ascii_lowercase
for a in ascii_lowercase:
for b in ascii_lowercase:
print(a+b)
Arithmetic and Conditionals
Regex Matching
Convert bytes to IPv4
ipaddr = '.'.join(f'{c}' for c in line['ipAddress'])
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