Basic Python
Basic Components ๐
Python follows basic order of operations when evaluating expressions, similar to PEMDAS for math.
Operator
Operation
Example
Evaluates to
**
Exponent
2**4
16
%
Modulus (remainder!)
5 % 2
1
//
Integer Division (floored)
11 // 2
5
/
Division
11 / 2
5.5
*
Multiplication
2 * 3
6
-
Subtraction
3 - 2
1
+
Addition
2 + 4
6
Data Types and Classifications ๐ฉโ๐ซ
Using a single equals =
is an assignment operator, where it assigns a value to a variable.
Using double equals ==
is a comparison operator, where it checks two values!
Flow Control ๐๐คฝโโ๏ธ
Tons of different ways to control execution of the program. Fundamental way in how programs work and look like magic โจ Until you realize that whitespace is interpreted. Make sure you use four spaces instead of tabs, just as God intended.
# if, elif, and else control!!
ayyy = 'lmao'
# if statements check if a statement is true
if ayyy == 'lmao':
print('๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฝ')
# elif statments help determine one of many possible clauses
elif len(ayyy) == 4:
print('๐๐๐๐')
# can have have several elif, but skips any remaining elif after first True
elif len(ayyy) != 4:
print('๐ค๐ค๐ค')
# else statements is executed ONLY if the preceeding if is False (NOT REQUIRED!)
else:
print('โ๐ฝโ')
There are while
loops which will check for a condition and keep executing until completed. Using break
will exit the while loop early! Similarly, continue
statements will jump back to the beginning of a while
loop and evaluate the loop's condition.
# while loops will execute until a condition is met
count = 0
while count < 5:
print('ayyy')
count = count + 1
print('lmao')
name = ''
while name != 'your name':
print('Please type your name')
name = input()
# break statements exit the while loop's clause early, continue jump to start of while
name = ''
while True:
print('Please type your name')
name = input()
if name != 'your name':
continue
print('What\'s the password?')
pass = input()
if pass = 'ayyylmao':
break
print('Well done!')
Another loop is the for
loop which can repeat an action a specific amount of times. When using range
we can also specify start, stop, and steps.
ayyy = 'lmao'
# Print the var ayyy five times
for i in range(5):
print(ayyy)
# Print the value of i between two values
for i in range(12, 15):
print(i)
# Similar, only with a step!
for i in range(0, 10, 2):
print(i)
Strings ๐งต
We can take a string of any length and reference ANY part of it!
lmao = 'holy hell'
# Print first character of string lmao
print(lmao[0])
# Print last character of string lmao
print(lmao[-1])
# Print entire string backwards!
print(lmao[::-1])
# Split string on a delimeter, default is space
haha = lmao.split()
print(haha)
# Replace certain parts of a string
print(lmao.replace('h','') # prints 'hoy he'
Lists ๐๐
ans = ['H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O']
print(''.join(ans))
# Will print HELLO
Comprehension
Search for a partial match in a list and add to another list. Super useful!
origList = ['big','bad','bigly']
subStr = 'ig'
filterList = [string for string in origList if subStr in string]
Tuples
Dictionaries ๐๐
Very similar to JSON. In fact, so close, it can be converted to JSON with minor worries!
# Create the dict type
lmao = {'one':1,'two':2}
# Add a new key to the dictionary
lmao['three'] = 3
# Loop over each pair of keys and values to access
for i, k in enumerate(lmao):
print(i, k)
# Will print:
# one 1
# two 2
# three 3
User Inputs
Loops
from string import ascii_lowercase
for a in ascii_lowercase:
for b in ascii_lowercase:
print(a+b)
Arithmetic and Conditionals
Regex Matching
Convert bytes to IPv4
ipaddr = '.'.join(f'{c}' for c in line['ipAddress'])
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